![]() ![]() When people think of librarians they often think of middle age women with glasses and hair in buns, because that is what they believe represents the majority of librarians, even if this is not true.ģ0 5. Judging how likely a certain event is to happen, based on how easily information regarding this topic is available.Īfter seeing a horror film, they believe they are in danger alone in a dark house when in reality they are in the same danger as they were before they watched the film.Ī mental shortcut in which one thinks of the best example of a given category, which often leads to stereotyping.Įx. Representative Heuristic (’06 FRQ & has been a FRQ a total of 3 times) Punishment: seeks to decrease the likelihood of a behavior by either adding something bad (positive punishment) or taking away something good (negative punishment).Ģ5 (’06 FRQ & has been a FRQ a total of 3 times)Ħ. Because the anxiety goes away, they are more likely to wash their hands again and again. Negative Reinforcement: OCD patients wash their hands because it decreases their level of anxiety. Negative Reinforcement: increases a behavior by taking away something bad.Įx. but resting Stage 1 Theta waves Stage 2 Sleep Spindles Stage 3 Delta Stage 4 Delta- night tremors, sleep walking Stage 2 Spindles REM Dreams occurĢ1 7. Random Sample: A sample of individuals that fairly represents a populationġ9 Sleep Stages The stages of sleep in order occur 1 (sleep onset), 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, REM, 2, 3,Ģ0 Beta Awake Alpha Awake. Sample Population: All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study. Sample (usually on AP exam)ġ1 Population Population: defined by the objective of the research study.ġ2 Population If the study intended to answer the question of how voting activity related to civic involvement the population would be all of those over the age of 18.ġ3 Population Each person in the population should have an equal chance of being selected to participate in the study.ġ4 Sample: Because it is not usually possible to test or survey ALL members of a population researchers seek a smaller amount that is a representative sample of the populationġ5 Sample: Sample members should have random assignment to either the control and experimental groups.ġ6 Sample: This can be achieved by using a random number table.Įach participant in the study has an equal chance of being placed in either the experimental or control group.ġ7 Population v. Martin who loves Star Wars may overestimate the enthusiasm of others for Star Warġ0 9. If Tanya dislikes rap music she is likely to think most others also do. Tendency of people to overemphasize the number of other people that agree with them. Labeling students create self-fulfilling prophecies This is how our feelings about others can shape the behavior of others. People serve themselves by making themselves look good. ![]() Often occurs when something negative happens.Ħ Self-Serving Bias Tendency to attribute your own successes to personal factors and your own failures to situational ones. The likelihood to attribute others behavior to dispositional or internal causes while attributing our own behavior to external or situational causes. Tendency to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional or internal causes Sometimes behavior can be explained by enduring personality traits but not always. Actor-Observer Bias"- Presentation transcript:ġ The Top Ten (or so) Concepts Most Frequently Confused by Students of PsychologyĢ 10. ![]()
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